The Corrupt Characters in Othello by Shakespeare - 625 Words

Corruption means an abuse of a position of trust in order to gain an undue advantage. In the book â€Å"Othello†, written by Shakespeare, there were many characters who were corrupted and created chaos. But the one who really stood out to me as the most corrupted was a character in the book named Iago. Iago, is the center character everything mainly revolves around in this play, uses different methods to corrupt the leading character of the play, Othello. Othello was an African man who was a high class general of venice. In the play, Iago is portrayed as a smart ,manipulative man, who does anything in his power to get his way. In this world there are many â€Å"Iagos† lurking around in the shadows. Such as the O.J simpson case. Which is relatable to Iago in a way. The source of why Iago created corruption and disturbed the peace in Othello life has many reason. But as the villain, Iago has two main reasons he hates Othello because he is jealous and hates him. Iagos r easons for why he hates Othello is because he believes that Othello made love to his wife. â€Å"I hate the Moor And it is thought abroad, that twixt my sheets He has done my office: I know not ift be true;But I, for mere suspicion in that kind,Will do as if for surety.† (1.3.55 line 431-433) Another reason why Iago is mad is because Cassio was chosen to be Lieutenant instead of himself. â€Å"One Michael Cassio, a Florentine, A fellow almost damnd in a fair wife-That never set a squadron in the field, Nor the division ofShow MoreRelatedSocial Context of Othello667 Words   |  3 Pagesproduction of William Shakespeare’s â€Å"Othello.† The famous playwright was in the midst of his tragedy period, penning such classics as â€Å"Hamlet,† â€Å"King Lear,† and â€Å"Macbeth.† The story of â€Å"Othello† has its roots in the historical events and cultural atmosphere of the late 16th and early 17th centuries. It was a common practice of playwrights at the time to borrow or lift plot ideas from other preexisting stories, and Shakespeare was no exception to the rule. The plot of â€Å"Othello† most closely resembles a 1565Read More The Nature of Evil in William ShakespeareÂ’s Othello Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesWilliam ShakespeareÂ’s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the “villain” or “protagonist in the play. Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulative language towards the other main characters. Corruption overcomesRead MoreNature of Evil in Othello1704 Words   |  7 PagesThe Nature Of Evil In Othello The Nature of Evil in Othello William Shakespeare’s Othello uses different and unique techniques in his language to express the nature of evil throughout the play. Verbal twists and the characters most importantly stress the act of evil. Iago, most of all is portrayed as the â€Å"villain† or â€Å"protagonist in the play. Shakespeare uses this character to set the basis of evil. Each plot point is spiraled further into tragedy due to the nature of Iago and his manipulativeRead MoreOthello: Good vs Evil1525 Words   |  7 PagesMain Characters William Shakespeare’s Othello is a classic depiction of a struggle between good and evil. In the play,, the characters are faced with the choice to either conquer or succumb to the overpowering force of evil. Shakespeare places his characters on a sort of spectrum in which a character’s amount of god or evil can be represented by a shade of color: black representing pure evil, white representing absolute goodness, and a shade of grey exemplifying the nature of all characters thatRead MoreOthello presents women as the victims of men1276 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿To what extent do you agree that in â€Å"Othello† Shakespeare presents women as the tragic victims of men? Throughout ‘Othello’, Shakespeare uses the manipulation of the protagonist, by the antagonist, Iago, to present a play controlled by men. In such a male dominated society, Shakespeare presents the women in the play as tragic victims at the hands of their husbands, in particular Desdemona and Emilia. Throughout this essay I will relate to the Aristotelian and Senecan descriptions of tragedy toRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello The Moor Of Venice Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages ‘Without setting, characters are simply there, in a vacuum, with no reason to act and most importantly, no reason to care.’ The setting gives place for a narrative to begin and evolve from, without a strong setting some texts may be difficult to interpret without extra contextual and historical knowledge of the time period of which it was written. Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice written 1603 was set in Italy, in the Venetian Republic . This setting was gaining popularityRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare938 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The Tragedy of Othello† is commonly considered one of Shakespeare s greatest tragedies and one of his finest works. In this play we see many literary devices at work. Several of these devices are involved in Iago’s deceitful plot against Othello that creates much suspense for the duration of the play. In â€Å"The Tragedy of Othello,† William Shakespeare uses symbolism , irony, and tone to create this classic drama. Symbols are central to understanding â€Å"Othello† as a play. There are two significantRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare Essay1203 Words   |  5 PagesDramatic play entitled Othello is an unusual story full of jealousy, dark misunderstandings, lies, and regrets. Following Aristotle s definition of a true tragedy, where does the tale of Othello fall? Is Othello too dramatic too be considered a tragedy or does it barely fall along the lines of tragic? Shakespeare s innovation with poetry and dramatic plays have been recognized by critics and playgoers throughout the centuries (Lee,1899). The Bard s play entitled Othello, is among some of the mostRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from religion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change toward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreEssay on The Major Themes in William Shakespeares Othello934 Words   |  4 PagesThe Major Themes in William Shakespeares Othello Irony and double meaning are the basis and patterns of Othello, in which nothing is what it seems to be; white is black and generally the characters and themes have contradictory aspects. Irony is one of the characteristics of tragedy as the outcome, although inevitable, is unfair. In Act 1 scene 1, Shakespeare sets up the main themes of: jealousy, revenge, xenophobia and racism, love, outward appearance and inward

An Application of the Law on Trusts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2337 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Cause and effect essay Tags: Trust Essay Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION A trust is an equitable obligation, binding a person (called a trustee) to deal with property owned by him (called trust property, being distinguished from his private property) for the benefit of persons (called beneficiaries or, in old cases, cestuis que trust), of whom he may himself be one, and any one of whom may enforce the obligation [or for a charitable purpose, which may be enforced at the instance of the Attorney-General, or for some other purpose permitted by law though unenforceable (Hayton, Matthews Mitchell , 2010, p. 2). In determining the claims of the parties, some time-tested principles of Equity and Trust will be examined. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Application of the Law on Trusts" essay for you Create order ISSUE 1 Was there an intention to create trusts for the benefits of George and Jayne on the part of Barry? Intention to create a trust is crucial for the validity of any trust. The court said in Twinsectra Ltd v Yardley (2002): A settlor must, of course, possess the necessary intention to create a trust, but his subjective intentions are irrelevant. If he enters into arrangements which have the effect of creating a trust, it is not necessary that he should appreciate that they do so; it is sufficient that he intends to enter into them(p. 71) Furthermore, an express trust is invalid until it is completely constituted. There are two ways by which a valid express trust may be completely constituted: by an effective declaration of oneself as trustee or by transfer of properties to trustees (Davies Virgo, 2013). In effect, Turner LJ in Milroy v Lord (1862) stated that: Settlor must have done everything which according to the nature of the property comprised in the settleme nt was necessary to be done in order to render the settlement binding upon him. He may do this by: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Actually transferring the property to the persons for whom he intends to provide à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ If he transfers it to a trustee for the purposes of a settlement à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Declares that he holds it on trust (p. 264). Either of the two methods of constituting trust must be completely satisfied for the trust to be effective. According to Davies Virgo (2013), where the settlor declares himself a trustee of the property, the issue of transfer becomes irrelevant, as the legal title already vests in him. The only issue which would be left to the courts to clarify is if there was a valid declaration of trust. They further opined that for a declaration of trust to be valid, there must be certainty of the settlorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention to create a trust. Indeed, this is also true for an express trust constituted by transfer to trustees. Lord Eldon in Wri ght v. Atkyns (1823) made it clear that for a trust to be valid, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“firstthe words must be imperative; secondlythe subject must be certain; and thirdlythe object must be as certain as the subject (pp. 143, 157). The requirement of intention is more easily ascertainable where the trust is constituted by transfer, as the settlorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention is manifested by the transfer. Intention can be inferred from actions. Lord Selborne, L.O., in Lyell v. Kennedy (1889) said: A man who receives the money of another on his behalf, and places it specifically to an account with a banker ear-marked and separate from his own moneys, though under his control, is, in my opinion, a trustee of the fund standing to the credit of that account. For the constitution of such a trust no express words are necessary; anything which may satisfy a Court of Equity that the money was received in a fiduciary character is enough. It is not requisite that any acknowledgment of such a t rust should be made to the ces tui que trust or his agent; to whomsoever made it is evidence against the trustee (p. 457). The case of Jones v. Lock (1865) is quite instructive. Mr. Jones produced a cheque for 900 pounds made payable to himself, which he handed over to his baby and said: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"look you here, this is for baby; it is for himself and I am going to put it away for him and will give him a great deal more along with ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Mr. Jones died six days later. It was held that there had been no valid gift to the baby (since the gift of a non-bearer cheque required endorsement of the issuer), neither was there a declaration of trust in his favour. The court could not infer an intention to make himself a trustee, and the gift was ineffective and thus, failed. The case of Richard v. Delbridge (1874) also establishes that an intention to give a gift cannot be transformed into an intention to create a trust. Richard wished to hand over his business to Edwar d. He demonstrated his intention by endorsing a memorandum on the lease of the business premises, which read thus: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“This deed and all thereto belonging I give to Edward from this time forth with all the stock in tradeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The court decided that it was meant as an outright gift, not a declaration of trust. Sir George Jessel MR held: If it is intended to take effect by transfer, the court will not hold the intended transfer to operate as a declaration of trust, for then every imperfect instrument will be made effectual by being converted into a perfect trust. It is true he need not use the words à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"I declare myself a trusteeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, but he must do something which is equivalent to it, and use expressions which have that meaningà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦(at 11) A mere promise without mo is not a valid declaration of trust. The law will not enforce mere promises; it will only enforce contractual bargain and trusts (Hudson, 2008). Thus, a mere promise is unenforceable if beneficiary gave no consideration (Re Rallià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Will Trust (1964)). APPLICATION 2.1.1 GEORGEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S CLAIM George claims that Barry promised to transfer the car into his name. There is nothing from Barryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s words or action to indicate that he was making himself a trustee of the car for the benefit of George. Neither did Barry seek to transfer the car to another person to hold in trust for Barry. Therefore, the two methods of constituting a valid express- by declaration of self as trustee, and by transfer to a trustee- are conspicuously lacking. Furthermore, the rule set out in Wright v. Atkyns (supra) which insists that the intention to create a trust must be certain for any trust to be valid, is clearly lacking. It would rather seem like Barry intended to make an outright gift of the car to George, but as the case of Richard v. Delbridge (supra) clearly indicates, the courts will not turn this into a trust. The fact that he started using the car again, and he never sent the vehicle registration documents which he had filled out t o the right authority indicate that he may have changed his mind about transferring the car into Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s name. 2.1.2. JAYNEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S CLAIM Jayne insists that Barry verbally agreed to give her his cottage in Wales. Again, it was a verbal agreement to part with property. There is nothing in his words to indicate that he intended to create a trust of the property for Jayneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s benefit. As the court held in Richardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the court will not hold the intended transfer to operate as a declaration of trustà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Whereas there was an intended transfer, the court will not interpret this as Barryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s intention to create a trust on the property, neither will it enforce a mere promise, without consideration by the beneficiary. ISSUE 2 Will equity aid a volunteer or perfect an imperfect gift? It is trite law that equity will not aid a volunteer nor perfect an imperfect gift. Turner LJ in Milroy v. Lord (supra) clearly stated the law: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Settlor must have done everything which according to the nature of the property comprised in the settlement was necessary to be done in order to render the settlement binding upon himà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦there is no equity in this court to perfect an imperfect giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ (p. 264). In the case of a transfer of landed property, Section 9 of the Statute of Fraud requires that any form of transfer be in writing. By this provision, transfer of landed property cannot be done orally, no matter how clear the intention. However, the following exceptions exist to this rule of equity: The strict position laid down in Milroyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case has been modified to the effect that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"equity will not aid a volunteer except the donor has done all that is in his power to do to perfect the giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The court in Re Rose made the above modification when it held that the donor had done all in his power to effect the transfer of the shares he held in the company, having made the transfer in the form required by the articles of the company on 30th of March. It was held that the effective date of transfer was on the 30th of March, not 30th of June when the transfer was registered by the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s directors. This is obviously an attempt to balance the rule and ensure that while equity does not aid a volunteer by perfecting an imperfect gift, the principle of equity that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"equity will not strive officiously to defeat a giftà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is not relegated. The rule in Strong v. Bird (1874). The rule provides that where a donee of an imperfect gift who has not furnished consideration obtains title to the gift in another capacity, then this will be sufficient to perfect the gift in equity (Davies Virgo, 2013). This usually happens where such a donee becomes executor of the donorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s will. In Strongà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case, the donor was Birdà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s step-mother whom he owed some money before her death. However, it turned out that she made him executor to her will. The court held that by vesting the legal title in her estate on him, she had manifested her intention to release him from the debt. The rule in Strong v. Bird has been applied to administrators in Re James (1935), although the accuracy of this application has been questioned in Re Gonin (1979). I must state here that I totally agree with the court in Re Gonin. The donor, having died intestate, could not have been involved in the choice of administrators of his estate, therefore, the intention to forfeit the debt or perfect the imperfect gift is lacking. Where the donee has furnished valuable consideration in expectation of the gift, the law no longer sees him as a mere volunteer, but gives him contractual rights (Re Plumptreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Marriage Settlement (1910)). Donationes mortis causa (gifts made in contemplation of death). This exception originated from Roman law, but has now found a place in English law through decisions of English courts (per Nourse LJ, in Sen v. Headley (1991)). For an effective donatio mortis causa, three elements must be present: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“the gift or donation must have been in contemplation, though not necessarily in expectation of death; there must have been delivery to the donee of the subject matter of the gift; the gift must be made under such circumstances as to show that the thing is to revert back to the donor in case he should recoverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Watt, 2014, p. 134 ; Cain v. Moon (1896)). 3.1 APPLICATION 3.1.1. GEORGEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S CLAIM George will remain a volunteer before the law, as he his case does not fall under any of the exceptions to Milroyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case. Barry did not do all in his power to vest the car in George (he could have at least, sent the registration documents to the Vehicle Licensing Authority). Furthermore, George furnished no consideration, he was not an executor but an administrator of the estate, and the promise was not made in contemplation of death. 3.1.2. MIDREDà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S CLAIM Mildredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim would have been on all fours with Strong v. Bird (supra), except that Barry died intestate and Mildred is an administrator of Barryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s estate, not an executor. That will put Mildredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim within the contemplation of the highly controversial Re James. My opinion concerning this matter, Mildred is advised to abandon her claim, as Re James is an isolated case, and su bsequent cases have criticized it, and/or made decisions inconsistent with it. 3.1.3. JAYNEà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢S CLAIM Jayneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s case does not seem to fit into any of the exceptions to the rule in Milroy v. Lord (supra). Barry had not done all that he needed to do to effect the transfer and Jayne had not furnished any consideration whatsoever. Jayneà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim will fail also because there is nothing to show from the circumstances that Barry made the promise to transfer his cottage to her in contemplation of death, although he was indeed, ill when he made the promise. However, if Jayne can prove that the promise was made to her in contemplation of death, or that the cottage keys were delivered to her, her claim may stand. CONCLUSION Georgeà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim has been adjudged as baseless, Mildredà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s claim stands on unstable waters, while Jayne requires further proof of certain facts to be able to effect Barryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s promise to her. REFERENCE LIST Davies, P. and Virgo, G.(2013) Equity Trusts: Text, Cases and Materials. Oxford: Oxford University Press, page 145 Hayton D, Matthews P. and Mitchell, C. (2010) Underhill and Hayton: Law Relating to Trusts and Trustees, 18th edn. London: LexisNexis Hudson, A. and Thomas, G. (2010) The Law of Trusts, 2nd Edn. OUP: Oxford Hudson, A. (2008 ) Understanding Equity and Trusts, 5th edn. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge Cavendish. Watt, G. (2014). Trusts Equity. Oxford: Oxford University Press CASES CITED Cain v Moon (1896)2 QB 283, per Lord Killowen CJ at 286. Jones v Lock (1865) 1 Ch App 25 Lyell v. Kennedy (1889)14 App. Cas. 437 Milroy v Lord (1862) 4 De GF J 264 Re Rallià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Will Trust [1964] 1 Ch 288 Re Rose (1952) Ch. 499 Re Gonin (1979 Ch. 16, 34 Re James (1935) Ch. 449 Re Plumptreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Marriage Settlement(1910) 1 Ch 609 Richard v Delbridge (1874) LR 18 Eq. 11 Sen v Headley (1991) Ch 425 CA Strong v Bird (1874) LR 18 Eq. 315 Twinsectra Ltd v Yardley(2002) UKHL 12 at [71]; [2002] 2 All ER 377 at [71] Wright v. Atkyns (1823) Turn. R. 143, 157

Chicken Pox and its Vaccine Free Essays

1. Do you agree that the chickenpox vaccine not receive top priority? If so, what disease would you like to see get more funding? If not, why? Yes, I agree that the chickenpox vaccine should not receive top priority, but still be funded. However, I would prioritize funding intensive research on diseases that have no known vaccine such as SARS. We will write a custom essay sample on Chicken Pox and its Vaccine or any similar topic only for you Order Now The devastation it has caused should serve as a warning to us that there are still more unknown, yet threatening diseases out there. 2. Do you know of anyone who may have died due t complications from the chickenpox virus? No. I do not know anyone who have died due to complications of the chickenpox virus. 3. Is there any hard evidence that you could find to get me to reconsider my decision to `kill` the funding for chickenpox vaccine? Funding for the chickenpox vaccine should not be completely stopped as it can cause   other complications including, encephalitis, pneumonia, arthritis, Reye’s syndrome and in rare cases, meningitis (Fackler and Golonka, 2006), which should not be taken lightly. 4. What other vaccines (if any) may be used to help prevent chickenpox? There is no other known vaccine for chickenpox other than Varivax, however, one effective way to prevent it is to avoid people who currently have the disease. 5. If funding for the chickenpox vaccine is pulled, do you think there would be a higher incidence of Shingles among older adults? No, because based on studies, the occurrence for Shingles among adults is only 15% and there is a separate vaccine for it (Curtis and Rea, 2007). Malaria and Its Vaccine 1. Should drug and vaccine research be done if financial gain is not probable? Yes. Research for vaccines should still be done because lives are at stake. I believe that if researches talk to the right people and make them aware of the potential threat of a certain virus or disease, they should be able to get the funds they needed to develop a vaccine. 2. If so, who should pay for this research? The government should provide initial funding for researches such as this one. However, millionaires, such as actors all around the world, most of whom have strongly supported health-related campaigns such as the AIDS awareness, should also give their share in funding for researches on vaccines. 3. Should the United States and other developed countries provide grants for research if their citizens will not benefit? Yes. I believe that first world countries, such as the United States, should fund researches for vaccines even if it will not benefit their citizens because it will still benefit others. Besides, these developed countries would never know when a certain disease would break out in their own countries and the vaccine that they helped fund is actually the cure. 4. It all boils down to the question. . . Is health a right or a privilege? Health is a right. It goes beyond money or social status. One of the government’s crucial roles is to ensure that laws, which benefit even the poor, are passed and implemented effectively. SARS and its Vaccine 1. Do you agree/disagree that since there is currently a clinical trial vaccine for SARS that it should be a priority for funding, which can lead to further testing and approval for a safe vaccine? Explain. Yes. I agree that funding for a SARS vaccine should be prioritized. I believe that while there is no proven vaccine that could effectively prevent or treat the virus, every country is at risk. Therefore, every country should contribute whatever they can to be able to create a SARS vaccine. 2. Are there any negative side effects in the clinical trial of the inactivated SARS-CoV vaccine? If so, what are they? Explain? According to a report of the Vaccine Research Center in the US, so far, the trial vaccine has no serious side effects. Based on report, ten healthy individuals, aged 18-50 years old, who were administered with the trial vaccine, tolerated it pretty well (Vaccine Research Center). 3. Do you believe that there will be another SARS outbreak in the near future? Explain? Yes. As long as there is not vaccine to cure SARS, there will always be a risk of future outbreaks. However, I also believe that if ever there will future outbreaks of SARS, it would be evolved or higher forms of the virus. There is a high possibility that this could happen since another virus, the Avian flu or Bird flu, is believed to be an evolved form of a previous virus. How to cite Chicken Pox and its Vaccine, Papers

Operations Management Australian Local Area

Question: Hawkesbury has grown from a small operation to one where they are now, if successful, going to ramp production volume through the new builder's line. The implications of this are magnified if they cannot control the production process at present. One of these pertains to the company's financial structure, such as working capital requirements. For example, will they supply builders and offer payment terms or will builders have to pay cash? Answer: Introduction: Hawks Cabinet has been running its business of manufacturing of kitchen for over 8 years. The business is carried by Chen family who has a well established reputation in Australian local area. The business has faced a strategic emergent due to unstructured organizational framework. The business has started its operations with a job shop which was a vital decision at the starting point. The company has accepted a contract for manufacturing kitchen cabinets with highest facilities. This contract has created an operating challenge for the company, which has been discussed throughout the study in respect of operation management. The purpose of this essay is to review the problem areas faced by the company and issues regarding operations management within the company. Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd operates a single manufacturing facility in Mulgrave. Through the manufacturing process the company provides custom and standard kitchen cabinets according to customers requirements, where quality assurance issues have been aroused. The kitchen cabinet making process consists of high quality machines in order to provide the flexibility necessary for 14+ of custom designed cabinets. The company has faced the issue of constructing a kitchen by maintaining the quality as per the customer's requirement. Therefore, the company has introduced a hybrid standard and custom production system. The company tries to maintain quality service and production during their operational activities, where the operations manager would need to maintain the effectiveness of outcomes. The two owners of the company have segregated the operating activities for better outcome. Krajewski, Ritzman Malhotra (2013) stated that it is necessary for a manufacturing company to provide high quality equipments so that high quality outcomes can be experienced by customers. In this case, proper knowledge of customer's requirements is necessary for analysis by the company. Barratt, Choi Li (2011) commented that in order to have quality outcome, it is essential for the company to have knowledge about the input materials for manufacturing process. This means that the analysis of inputs is necessary for measuring the quality of outputs. Apart from that, for the purpose of maintaining operational activities it is necessary for operation manager to diversify the analysis process so that resulting outcome cannot affect each other. Therefore, a systematic process of workflow and evaluation is necessary for proper operations management. Company Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd has maintained a quality worming process inside the building. Through the analysis of the case, it has been evaluated that the company has provided best quality of their materials for enhancing customers expectation level and their sales volume. Due to this, the company has increased their sales volume through the previous financial years. Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd has provided environment friendly painting and furnishing for quality operational activities for their customers. Peng Lai (2012) have argued that customers perceived level quality assurance impact psychologically to customers minds and helpful for gaining more preferences. As it has evaluated that the company Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd has been maintaining their manufacturing quality towards the production process, the customer rush has increased demand for custom made kitchens. The companys majority sales are from custom designed cabinetry. This increasing trend of the company has influenced the builders kitchen. Currently the standardised kitchen has accounted for 40% of factory volume and 25% of revenue along with the custom designed kitchen. Therefore, the company has focused on quality manufacturing process towards to maintain of customers satisfaction levels. It is important for manufacturing companies to have proper record to analyse ongoing activities. This will lead to production process (Akkerman, Farahani Grunow, 2010). In this regard Hill Hill (2012) stated that the presence of malfunctioning is a serious issue, which will need to mitigate for better manufacturing process. Proper observation is necessary by the operations manager to maintain the quality of input and output. Therefore, it is necessary for the company to properly utilise materials and information for more sales and revenue. The Batch production process is helpful for maintaining the production quality and to have a qualitative outcome from manufacturing units. Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd has planned to increase their capital structure to have an enlarged view of standard kitchen design for builders. Due to increased sales and revenue, the company has planned to change their old manufacturing processes by replacing it with a new design so that all new equipments will be placed there. That means the new builders kitchen lines has changed the manufacturing process and increase their capacity to meet increased customer demand. Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd has monitored their production process has increased along with revenue increase by 25%. It has become necessary for the company to change their manufacturing unit by replacing their old machines. Therefore, the finance manager Meu Chen has decided to expand their capital structure to suit the changing manufacturing process. Along with this, the increased capital structure will necessitate increased lead time in the production process. The changing materials and changing assembly areas throughout the factory need increase capital structure. In this support, Binder Edwards (2010) stated that increased levels of capital structure will lead to allocation of financial sources for business financing. However, Krajewski et al. (2013, p.88) stated that maximum collection of capital from external sources would lead to increased companys debt amount. Therefore, support from companys own reserve amount would be beneficial for reducing the debt amount. As company's sales and revenue have increased due to completion of customer's requirements, the company has the option to arrange their financial support from the revenue level. In this case, company will need to have reserve balance for future business investment. Here, builders kitchen has maximum growth for companys revenue. Therefore, maximum investment is necessary in this sector. However, Akkerman et al. (2010, p.891) argued that for better profitability company should have less cost of capital, because increasing rate in cost of capital would lead to have less net present value for the company. Conclusion: An operational activity basically consists of all level of activities within the organization. It is the responsibility for each department head to have closer view of ongoing activities and the report will need to be examined by operations manager for quality assurance. In addition, it can be stated that the top level management should focus on overall activities which are performed under operations management. The operations management has provided guidelines for mitigating the problems. Hawkesbury Cabinets Pty Ltd. maintains quality in their operating activities to have impression from their customers. This study has discussed the current operational systems and in the context of how it has effected on companys financial structure. The overall discussion of this study has focused on operations management to change the activities for effective outcome. The necessity of operations management has become clear and this study has reflected the roles of operations manager. Customers dem and can be fulfilled through effective operations management, which has been justified through this study. References and bibliography: Akkerman, R., Farahani, P., Grunow, M. (2010). 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